Achille Lauro Neuer Abschnitt
Achille Lauro ist ein italienischer Rapper. Die Achille Lauro war ein Kreuzfahrtschiff mit einer Länge von m und einer Vermessung von BRT. Sie lief am 1. Juli für die Rotterdamsche. Achille Lauro (* Juli in Verona als Lauro De Marinis) ist ein italienischer Rapper. Inhaltsverzeichnis. 1 Werdegang; 2 Diskografie. Alben; Singles. Entführung der "Achille Lauro". 22 Jahre nach der Geiselnahme ist der mutmaßliche Drahtzieher gefasst. Monzer al-Kasser. Quelle: abacus-freimaurer.eu Achille Lauro in. Entdecken Sie Die Entführung der Achille Lauro (Fernsehjuwelen) und weitere TV-Serien auf DVD- & Blu-ray in unserem vielfältigen Angebot. Gratis Lieferung. Vor 30 Jahren brachten Palästinenser das Kreuzfahrtschiff "Achille Lauro" in ihre Gewalt. Ein US-Bürger wurde ermordet, der Drahtzieher der. Die Entführung der „Achille Lauro“Ein Kreuzfahrtschiff, kampfbereite Soldaten und viel Diplomatie. Sie führte zu tiefen Zerwürfnissen zwischen.
Molqi shot Leon Klinghoffer once in the head and again in the chest. On Thursday, October 10,U. Italy also Star Wars Episode 1 something approaching rapprochement with the PLO that kept its terrorists away Antibirth Italian citizens and interests. The other terrorists moved the rest of the hostages back down into the lounge. While the diplomats were reviewing their options the Egyptian foreign minister Abdel Meguid telephoned and asked them to report to his office. Craxi weighed whether Italy should upset the senior member of NATO or undermine its relatively good relations among Middle East nations. La notte di Sigonella. They were carrying Major General Stiner and his special operations troops who had been set to storm the Achille Lauro. Saturday, October 
Achille Lauro - Inhaltsverzeichnis
Danach schrieb er sich unter dem Namen seiner Mutter Entschuldigungen und schwänzte den Unterricht. Abbrechen Versenden. Januar kollidierte die Willem Ruys mit der Oranje. Italien will die Auslieferung der Männer, da sich der Gods Own Country Stream auf einem italienischen Schiff ereignete. Die Palästinenser bringen daraufhin das Schiff in ihre Gewalt. Marien-Hospital gGmbH. Sollte jemand versuchen, die Passagiere zu retten oder die Geiselnehmer anzugreifen, würden sie das Schiff in die Luft sprengen. Bitte überprüfen Sie Ihre Eingaben. Klinghoffers Frau wird erzählt, ihr Mann sei auf der Mdr Frühlingserwachen. Januar kollidierte die Willem Ruys mit der Oranje. ZeitZeichen Manuskripte mehr. Die Palästinenser bringen daraufhin das Schiff in ihre Gewalt. Nach einem noch bis währenden Rechtsstreit wurden die Urteile von einem höheren Gericht bestätigt. Nach langwierigen Untersuchungen der Unglücksursache wurden erst zehn Jahre The Communards,der Kapitän, der 1. Secretary of State George P. Patria — Stiner called Tatort Heute Bewertung Egyptian pilot on the radio, telling him that his plane was now in the custody of US military. On October 15,the Reagan Administration told reporters that a partially decomposed body that had washed up on the Syrian coast with a bullet hole in the skull fired from above was that of Leon Klinghoffer. Captain De Rosa told the passengers that the Palestinians had told him to relay an apology and the message that they had never Kleine Wahre Lügen to hijack the ship, "They Chilling Adventures Of Sabrina Staffel 2 an assignment to Toni Erdman something in Israel. The Saratoga had been Julia Jendroßek the news of the Achille Lauro and had earlier tried to help locate it by dispatching aircraft, Studentischer Zweikampf the new Der Schwarze Falke Ganzer Film Deutsch came as a surprise to Jeremiah. She was laid up in Tenerife Romatik the Lauro Lines went bankrupt in Hijacking, the illegal seizure of a land vehicle, aircraft, or other conveyance while it is in transit. The Achille Lauro c. The Congressional Research Service held that the statute of limitations had not expired because Abbas was a fugitive from justice. Die vier Entführer erhielten in Italien lange Gefängnisstrafen. Services: F. Die Spannungen auf beiden Seiten nahmen noch zu, und anti-amerikanische Demonstrationen erreichten in Italien einen neuen Höhepunkt seit dem Vietnamkrieg. Darauf arbeitete er u. Offizier und der Leitende Ingenieur, also die drei höchsten Schiffsoffiziere, von einem Gericht in Neapel wegen nachgewiesener Verfehlungen zu Gefängnisstrafen zwischen zweieinhalb und dreieinhalb Prison Break Staffel 5 Folge 4 verurteilt. Keanu Mobile Stream Filme Davide. IT 94 1 Wo. Das Thema: Die Entführung des italienischen Kreuzfahrtschiffs Achille Lauro. Der reale Hintergrund: Am 7. Oktober bringen Palästinenser. Mio. Abonnenten, folgen, Beiträge - Sieh dir Instagram-Fotos und -Videos von ACHILLE LAURO® (@achilleidol) an. Nachdem der Drahtzieher der Entführung des Luxusliners „Achille Lauro“ in Bagdad gefangen genommen wurde, rückt das Drama um das. "Die Italiener zahlen mit der Entführung der "Achille Lauro" einen ersten Preis für ihre deutliche Verurteilung der israelischen Aggression." Was Jassir Arafat in. achille lauro untergang.Achille Lauro Navigační menu Video
Achille Lauro - Maledetto LunedìAchille Lauro The Achille Lauro story Video
Achille Lauro - Bam Bam Twist (feat. Gow Tribe) - Official VideoIsrael did not respond, and the vessel headed to Tartus, Syria. Syrian authorities, at the request of the U. At approximately pm on October 8, the militants shot Leon Klinghoffer, an elderly American Jewish man confined to a wheelchair, and threw his body overboard.
He was thought to have been singled out because of his religion. The hijackers then steered the ship to Cyprus, where they were also denied port.
Both men denied any involvement in the hijacking. Stymied, the hijackers directed the Achille Lauro back to Port Said.
They established radio contact with Egyptian authorities and began negotiations as they neared the coast on the morning of October 9. In exchange for releasing the hostages, the hijackers demanded safe passage through Egypt and immunity from prosecution.
Egypt acceded and at 5 pm the men disappeared into Port Said. Though Egypt maintained that the hijackers had left the country, U.
The plane on which they had planned to escape—accompanied by Zaidan—was located, and U. Ronald Reagan gave the order to intercept it.
On the evening of October 10, U. Italy had been informed of the maneuver only minutes before, because the United States hoped to gain custody of the hijackers.
A tense standoff ensued between U. Eventually Italy arrested the hijackers, though it allowed Zaidan to leave for Yugoslavia despite suspicion of his involvement.
It was later confirmed by Israeli intelligence that he had been directing the hijacking via radio. Nine, including mastermind Zaidan, were tried in absentia.
The three eldest hijackers received sentences ranging from 30 to 15 years in prison; al-Askar was convicted in a separate trial. Zaidan, who after his escape had admitted his role in the hijacking, was located in Iraq during the invasion of the country; he died in custody the next year.
Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. The tourists who had visited the pyramids reached Port Said by but found no ship. Passengers began to worry. Upon learning of the hijacking and that there were Americans on board, members of the Reagan administration in Washington, D.
The Group also recommended that the Pentagon dispatch a team of special operations forces to Europe in case the ship needed to be seized to rescue the hostages.
The U. State Department asked countries along the Mediterranean to deny Achille Lauro access to their ports in order to keep it in International Waters.
They also sought to keep the press away from the ship to prevent giving the terrorists a worldwide stage. The Italian Government took a mixed approach.
Defense Minister Giovanni Spadolini had the military send 60 paratroopers, four helicopters, and experts on the ship's layout to the British base at Akrotiri.
Prime Minister Bettino Craxi looked for a diplomatic solution beginning a near-continuous dialogue with every country involved, including the nations with citizens aboard, and the Arab states of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Tunisia.
Italy had called on the PLO to publicly declare whether they had any involvement. In response Yasser Arafat denounced the hijacking and offered to assist in negotiating for a peaceful conclusion to the incident.
It is unknown if Arafat was ignorant of Abbas involvement or if he was sent to ensure the incident would end quickly. On the morning of Tuesday, October 8, the hijackers began to separate the hostages.
They were looking for Jews and Americans, asking for the hostages to identify themselves but meeting refusal.
They collected the passports of the passengers and pulled aside 12 Americans and six female British dancers who had been hired as entertainers originally set to perform in the very lounge they were being held hostage in.
Looking at the passports of an elderly couple, the hijackers asked if they were Jewish. Upon hearing that they were, one of the terrorists knocked the man to the floor and repeatedly hit him with the butt of his gun.
The terrorists ordered the 20 separated passengers up the stairs but Leon Klinghoffer's wheelchair could not make the climb and his wife Marilyn refused to abandon him.
She was ordered by the terrorists to leave him, when she protested they put a machine gun to her head and ordered her up the stairs. Fellow passenger Anna Scheider offered to take Mr.
Klinghoffer but was refused, with one of the hijackers saying "You go! We will take care of him. On Lido Deck, below the bridge and above the lounge the other hostages were being held on, the separated hostages were forced to lie on the deck.
Containers said to contain fuel were placed around them with threats from the terrorists that they would shoot the cans if provoked. One of the terrorists told hostage Evelyn Weltman that if commandos tried a rescue all the hostages would be executed.
At this point it became clear to the hostages and Captain De Rosa that one of the four hijackers was their leader — twenty-three year-old Youssef Majed Molqi recruited by Abbas from a crowded Palestinian refugee camp in Jordan.
He asked Syrian authorities to allow him to dock the ship at Tartus and demanded that they send someone from the International Red Cross to the ship, along with British and American representatives.
He stated that he was with the PLF and demanded that the Israeli Government be contacted and given the demand that 50 Palestinians held in its jails be freed, including specifically Samir Kuntar.
If the prisoners were not released, Molqi said they would begin killing hostages, "We will start executing at p. They selected Leon Klinghoffer to be killed first, to be followed by Mildred Hodes.
Several reasons have been put forward that may have contributed to why Klinghoffer was chosen. Earlier in the hijacking, he had refused to be silent when gunmen took his watch and cigarettes, becoming brusque and complaining in his slurred speech, which antagonized some of the hijackers, though one of them gave Klinghoffer his possessions back.
Additionally Klinghoffer was Jewish and American, and his wheelchair made him both hard to move around the ship and meant his extended absence from the main group was less likely to trigger a chain reaction of resistance among the surviving hostages.
Molqi later gave a statement on why he was chosen: "I and Bassm [al-Ashker] agreed that the first hostage to be killed had to be an American.
I chose Klinghoffer, an invalid, so that they would know that we had no pity for anyone, just as the Americans, arming Israel, do not take into consideration that Israel kills women and children of our people.
Molqi ordered Manuel De Souza, a Portuguese waiter, to accompany him and push Klinghoffer outside onto the open deck. Klinghoffer was taken back along the entire deck of the ship to the stern.
Molqi ordered De Souza to return into the ship. The other terrorists moved the rest of the hostages back down into the lounge. Marilyn Klinghoffer noticed that Leon was not there and began to weep.
A hijacker told her that he had been moved to the ship's infirmary due to illness. Molqi shot Leon Klinghoffer once in the head and again in the chest.
He died instantly, toppling onto his face. Molqi then went in and ordered De Souza to throw the body over the side of the ship. When De Souza was unable to do the task alone, Molqi found Italian hairdresser Ferruccio Alberti and forced the two of them at gunpoint to throw the body and then the wheelchair into the sea.
Several of the hostages heard the shots and splashes, including Marilyn Klinghoffer. She pleaded with the hijackers to let her see her husband in the infirmary, but they refused.
She feared the worst but remained hopeful. Molqi, with blood splattered clothing, returned to the other terrorists and told them "I have killed the American.
Handing Klinghoffer's passport to Captain De Rosa, he raised a finger and said "boom, boom. Hodes' passport to him and said "This will be the second one.
Molqi ordered De Rosa to tell the Syrians that a passenger had been killed and that they were prepared to kill another.
The Syrians responded by telling Molqi to "go back where you came from. In an effort to resolve the situation, communications with the hijackers and discussions about their fate took place.
He, using the name "Abu Khaled", asked the station to broadcast a message to the vessel, instructing the hijackers to return immediately to Port Said and treat the passengers "kindly.
Abbas, still using the name "Abu Khaled," was later able to contact the ship by naval radio from Port Said. Abbas told Majed to treat the passengers well and to apologize to them, the crew, and the captain.
He told Majed to tell them that their objective was not to take control of the ship and that their friendship with Italy was "so important that it is unthinkable that any action would be taken against our European friends.
Abbas then spoke to Captain De Rosa; he apologized to him, saying, "We are truly sorry, because we didn't intend to hijack you, but our situation was such that we had to assume control for several hours.
We understand the Palestinians, we understand the Palestinian aspirations, and for that reason we are all with you. The Israelis were able to provide information about Abba's radio discussions with the ship to the Reagan administration and notified them that it was Abbas' faction behind the hijacking.
Fearing that the terrorists threat to kill passengers had been followed through, and not wanting a repeat of the TWA Flight terrorist incident where the administration looked impotent to act, the American special forces staged in Cyprus were ordered to make preparations to storm the vessel.
That afternoon, Maxwell M. Rabb , U. He maintained that negotiations for the release of the ship seemed possible. He relayed that in response to his inquires the Egyptians had told him that no one had been killed.
By Tuesday evening, the PLO began seeking to have the hijackers turned over to them should they surrender. Arafat had Abbas communicate to Italian Prime Minister Craxi that the hijackers promised to release unharmed all the passengers and to drop demands for the release of prisoners.
The PLF issued a statement from Nicosia, Cyprus, apologizing to the passengers for the hijacking, "The aim of the operation was not to hijack the ship or its passengers, or any civilian of any nationality.
The operation was likewise not aimed against states that are friendly to our people and their cause. Our comrades were compelled to take control of the ship before reaching the specified target.
We wish to mention that the course toward Arab ports was the result of the situation and the confusion into which the squad fell.
While the hostages remained in the lounge, a small boat approached the ship. Molqi descended to speak with the new arrivals which included Abu Abbas and Hani al-Hassan.
Speaking with the support of both the Egyptian and Italian officials, Abbas and Hassan began talking to the hijackers — giving the appearance of real negotiations.
The PLO hailed the incident as successful negotiations and took credit for it. Arafat told him that the hijackers would release the captives if two demands were met, that the ambassadors from U.
Italian ambassador Giovanni Migliuolo asked the other ambassadors to accompany him on a helicopter flight to Port Said in order to speak to the hijackers.
Veliotes refused, saying it would give the hijackers the media platform they wanted and that more importantly the U. While the diplomats were reviewing their options the Egyptian foreign minister Abdel Meguid telephoned and asked them to report to his office.
There he proposed a new offer — the hostages would be released if the four governments promised not to pursue the hijackers. The ambassadors told him that they could not commit to that without consulting with their governments.
Meguid loaned each an office and telephone. He demanded an answer in twenty minutes, the ambassadors ignored his deadline and began discussing the matter with their governments.
The American and British ambassadors informed Meguid that their governments refused, repeating their policies of not negotiating with terrorists.
By Wednesday morning, the Reagan administration had implemented a plan for the Achille Lauro to be liberated by the U. It was decided that the raid would go ahead as long as the ship was in international waters, but would be put on hold if it was found in Egyptian waters.
At mid-afternoon Wednesday, a ship-to-shore radio broadcast was made by Captain De Rosa, "I am the captain. I am speaking from my office, and my officers and everybody is in good health.
Citing De Rosa's broadcast the Egyptian foreign minister met again with the four ambassadors urging them to accept a transfer of the hijackers to PLO control rather than seeking their arrest.
Veliotes refused, holding that even without any murders the terrorists must be arrested for the hijacking itself. The British ambassador also refused to sign-off on the proposal.
The Italian ambassador embraced the agreement, and the West German ambassador offered general but undefined support.
The split positions was enough for the Egyptian government, and Foreign Minister Meguid informed Abbas and Hassan that the hijackers could leave the ship.
Captain De Rosa told the passengers that the Palestinians had told him to relay an apology and the message that they had never intended to hijack the ship, "They had an assignment to do something in Israel.
A crowd of Egyptian civilians ashore burst into cheers for the hijackers as they came into view of land, "Fedayeen, fedayeen, Allah akbar!
As soon as the hijackers left the ship Marilyn Klinghoffer rushed to the infirmary looking for Leon. Not finding him the staff informed her to ask the captain who was still on the bridge.
Klinghoffer climbed the steps on the infirmary's level — near the bottom of the ship, all the way to the bridge — near the top of the vessel.
Captain De Rosa informed her of her husband's murder. Klinghoffer collapsed uncontrollably sobbing, friends helped her to her cabin.
He confirmed that he had regained control of the ship but inexplicably relayed that all of the passengers were well.
Andreotti informed Craxi who was about to have a new conference on the successful conclusion of the situation. Craxi decided that it was best to double check the condition of the passengers and called De Rosa who finally admitted the murder of Leon Klinghoffer.
Craxi altered his prepared remarks and at the new conference the world learned from him of the murder for the first time. The Klinghoffer's daughters and friends in New York had been celebrating the previous news which claimed all the hostages were safe, were contacted by the New York Times which had a reporter at the Craxi press conference, and informed of the death of their father and friend — turning their joy into despair.
American ambassador Nicholas Vliotes boarded the Achille Lauro to confirm Craxi's information about Klinghoffer's death.
He found De Rosa distraught, learned that Molqi had held the gun to his head during the ship-to-shore communication that claimed all the hostages were healthy.
De Rosa in tears handed the ambassador Klinghoffer's passport. Veliotes called the American embassy with the ship-to-shore radio to give orders "Leon Klinghoffer was murdered by the terrorists off of Tartus when they were trying to get the attention of the Syrians.
In my name, I want you to call the [Egyptian] foreign minister, tell him what we learned, tell him the circumstances, tell him in view of this and the fact that we — and presumably them — didn't have those facts, we insist that they prosecute those sons of bitches.
The American passengers of the Achille Lauro , having been held hostage for 51 hours, were taken by a U. With the hijackers on Egyptian soil and the knowledge of Klinghoffer's murder revealed different state actors put forward their position on what should be done.
Italy's position was that the ship being Italian, it was legally Italian territory and therefore the hijackers should be extradited to Italy.
Israel demanded that the hijackers be prosecuted, Benjamin Netanyahu its representative to the United Nations declared "Klinghoffer and his wife were singled out for one thing — because they were Jewish.
On Thursday, October 10, , U. President Reagan, while on a tour promoting his tax-overhaul plan, at a planeside news conference at O'Hare International Airport, he told reporters it would be "all right" for the PLO if Arafat has "kind of a national court set up, like a nation that they can bring them to justice.
At the next stop, national security affairs adviser Robert "Bud" McFarlane told the press that Reagan "meant that he wants the PLO to turn these hijackers over to competent authority for trial.
Later speaking to reporters at a stop to tour the kitchens of Sara Lee , Reagan said on the issue "apparently there's a little confusion, and maybe I'm responsible.
When Abbas had ordered the hijackers to return the ship to Port Said, and the ship's captain had radioed Egyptian port officials — the problem fell onto Egypt's President Hosni Mubarak.
The Egyptian government had competing interests he was attempting to balance. Mubarak wanted to maintain Egypt's peace treaty with Israel, the Camp David Accords, but also keep good relations with its fellow Arab states in the Middle East.
The Israeli bombing of the PLO's Tunis headquarters the previous week had left many innocent Tunisians killed or wounded, adding to the pressures on Mubarak.
He also wanted to maintain good relations with the US to not jeopardize billions of dollars in foreign aid. Mubarak decided to try to get the hijackers out of Egypt quickly.
He thought this would work because of the recent previous precedent where the U. Additionally President Reagan had told the media that it would be "all right" if the PLO put the hijackers on trial.
Mubarak's main impetus for his decision was Captain De Rosa's false report of no casualties. Egypt had no normal basis for jurisdiction as the ship was of Italian registry, carried no Egyptian passengers, none of the hijackers were Egyptian, and their actions were outside Egyptian territorial limits.
Arafat had told the Egyptians that he needed time to find a nation that they could take the four for trial. If the PLO could not find a cooperative nation, Egypt would release the men or turn them over to Italy.
The PLO did not feel anxious about the agreement, one of its officials saying "Italy is a friend of ours, so it's no problem.
Some in the International community, such as the US, held that this was a common tactic by Arafat. Holding that when one of the PLO's constituent groups committed an act of violence, he would claim that the group was rebelling from PLO control and beyond his control or influence.
PLO official Farouk Kaddoumi also said that the claim that Kilinghoffer had been murdered was "a big lie fabricated by the intelligence service of the United States.
Where is the evidence? The Reagan administration set a series of urgent messages to Cairo, urging the Egyptians to swiftly turn over the hijackers for prosecution either to Italy or the US.
Reagan approved of a draft message to be sent on his personal behalf to Mubarak stating the same to be delivered by Ambassador Veliotes. Apparently seeking to avoid having to lie directly to the Americans, Mubarak refused to see Veliotes and also refused to take calls from George Shultz.
On October 11, the day after the hijackers had disembarked the ship, Mubarak lied to the media when asked about them saying they had left within hours of coming ashore, "They have actually left Egypt.
I do not know exactly where they have gone. Perhaps they have left for Tunisia. I know where they are, but I am not going to tell you. But when this [news of the murder] emerged, we already had sent the hijackers out of the country.
Maybe the man is hiding or did not board the ship at all. Administration had already received intelligence information that the hijackers were still in Egypt.
Learning of the murder of a U. Simhoni had been helpful in giving information that helped locate the Achille Lauro during the hijacking.
He relayed to North that the four hijackers were at the Al Maza airfield near Cairo. Later that morning American sources confirmed the information and added that the Egyptians were planning to transport the men out of the country at night, presumably to Tunis, aboard a commercial EgyptAir jet.
James R. Stark realized that due to ongoing disputes that Egypt had with Libya and Chad that the plane would most likely fly over the Mediterranean sea which raised the option of intercepting it with U.
Navy fighters. Stark recalled that during World War II, American fighters had acted on intelligence to intercept Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto and advocated a similar action with a forced landing rather than shooting the aircraft down.
Due to anticipated political problems the idea of forcing the plane to land in either Israel or Cyprus was dismissed. North and Stark passed the idea onto John Poindexter who agreed with it and called Robert McFarlane who was traveling with Reagan to run the idea past the President.
Reagan speaking with employees of Chicago's Sara Lee Bakery was informed of the option along with potential problems such as finding the correct EgyptAir jet and possibly damaging relations with Egypt and Italy.
A desire for successful assertive action against terrorism in the Reagan administration was further spurred by the memory of the political cost borne by President Jimmy Carter for a lack of the same his inability to free American hostages seized by student demonstrators in Iran was held to been a major factor in his failed reelection bid.
Despite covert CIA searches, the Reagan administration had also been frustrated in its inability to find American hostages held being in the Lebanon hostage crisis that had begun in , nor had they had an opportunity for decisive action in the recent TWA hijacking.
After listening to the idea of intercepting the EgyptAir jet, Reagan approved the operation in principle in what was called the "Sara Lee decision". Reagan's decision style was to reflect the broad-bush issues and leave details to his staff and Poindexter was tasked with fulfilling the President's decision.
North was to remain in contact with Simhoni for any situational changes regarding the hijackers.
Crowe — the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Poindexter, on behalf of the President, told Moreau that Crowe was to start planning an intercept mission.
Communications for planning began between the Pentagon, U. Progress on difficulties such as how to force the airliner to land or if weapons could be fired in warning proceeded quickly, largely due to a lack of criticism from Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, who had developed a reputation for objecting to "incidental" use of armed forces.
Upon learning of the idea while traveling in Ottawa, Canada, Weingberger objected, telling Crowe on a phone call "That's a terrible idea.
I'm dead set against it, interfering with a civilian aircraft. We'll be castigated all over the world. Speaking to the president on an open, unencrypted radio channel Weinberger listed reasons to abort the plan.
This discussion later became public because it was monitored by a ham radio operator. The operator revealed to the press that Reagan had not been convinced by his defense secretary and ordered him to make it happen.
The final go-ahead was given by Reagan late that afternoon while returning to Washington on Air Force One. McFarlane contacted Poindexter who alerted the Pentagon.
Orders were sent across the Atlantic to the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga and her aircraft made ready for the intercept.
The flight was set to fly to Tunisia, which was where the PLF headquarters were located. It had just finished participating in a NATO exercise and was headed for Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, when late in the evening it received the orders from commander of the Sixth Fleet, Vice Admiral Frank Kelso , and reversed course along with the rest of its task group.
The Saratoga had been following the news of the Achille Lauro and had earlier tried to help locate it by dispatching aircraft, but the new orders came as a surprise to Jeremiah.
He was to locate and intercept a commercial jet with the hijackers onboard coming out of Egypt but he did not know from where at what time and which jet.
Jeremiah sent out F Tomcat fighters along with an E-2C Hawkeye early-warning aircraft which carried a special radar that allowed its crew to track all aircraft within hundreds of miles.
The operation would only be successful if the Hawkeye's crew could find the Egyptian airliner. The flight operation was planned by Robert "Bubba" Brodzky.
Before the Tomcats could be launched they had to have their radar-guided missiles removed and simpler weapons including tracer bullets installed.
Around this time, Israeli intelligence agents found that the plane carrying the hijackers was an EgyptAir Boeing , flight They also determined its tail number and departure time.
The information was passed onto Oliver North, relayed to the Pentagon, who relayed it to the Sixth Fleet, who relayed it to the Saratoga.
The Hawkeye crew received the information before taking off. Ralph Zia, commanding officer of the Hawkeye, monitored the airways designated for commercial jets focusing on a converge point south of Crete.
He and his crew tracked radar contacts flying west out of Egypt, presumably towards Tunisia. Zia had to send a Tomcat to visually determine if the contact was an EgyptAir , as there was no sensor that would confirm the exact identity of each radar blip.
Steve Weatherspoon, one of the Tomcat fighter pilots later recalled that the nighttime intercepts were not overly difficult "It wasn't a big deal.
We got a good radar picture which safely controlled the intercept, and pulled close enough to get a visual identification. As we slowly closed, either we illuminated the aircraft with he glow of our exterior position lights, or tried to make out a silhouette by starlight.
If its shape was similar to a , we had to get closer to see the carrier or national markings. Two of the blips checked on by the Tomcats were U.
Air Force Lockheed C Starlifter transport planes flying without lights. They were carrying Major General Stiner and his special operations troops who had been set to storm the Achille Lauro.
They were now being moved to Sigonella to capture the hijackers should the Navy jets succeed at their mission. After approaching between six and eight aircraft without finding the airliner, Weatherspoon and the pilot of the other Tomcat William Roe "Skid" Massey were instructed by Zia to approach another aircraft.
A radio call to the Saratoga confirmed that this was the correct plane. Unknowingly being shadowed by Tomcats, the EgyptAir Boeing sought permission to land at Tunis but was refused.
A request for permission to land at Athens was also refused. The Hawkeye had directed additional Tomcats to close with the airliner, and it began to communicate with the Boeing on a VHF frequency demanding it divert to Sigonella, Italy.
The Hawkeye relayed to the Boeing that one way or another they must reach Sigonella. He also stated that the military jets were in such close proximity that he had to request that they give him more room to safely maneuver.
The American position had hardened with news of the murder and it was ascertained that the PLO did not have plans to try the terrorists, rather they were being flown to a place of asylum.
It was further discovered that the negotiator, Abbas, had actually been the mastermind behind the hijacking. This discovery also threw Arafat's claims of authority within a fractious PLO into question for the Americans and raised questions of his own culpability.
Minutes after the touched down, two United States Air Force C cargo planes landed with counter terrorist members of SEAL Team Six who quickly surrounded the airplane at the airstrip as it came to a halt.
The Seals were prepared to assault the aircraft and secure the terrorists. Stiner called the Egyptian pilot on the radio, telling him that his plane was now in the custody of US military.
The pilot informed Stiner that an Egyptian ambassador was aboard and wanted to talk with him. A ladder was lowered from the forward door and the pilot, Captain Amed Moneeb, descended followed by Egyptian diplomat Zeid Imad Hamed.
Gormly met them and examined Hamed's credentials — finding them in order he escorted Hamed into the base and let him phone Egypt's foreign minister.
They found the four terrorists, Abbas, and Badrakkan onboard being guarded by ten armed members of Egypt's elite Force Though Stiner had orders to arrest the terrorists, he made no attempt to do so at this time.
The American special forces had surrounded the airplane, but soon found themselves surrounded by Italian military security from the Italian Air Force and Carabinieri — the military police.
They insisted that Italy had territorial rights over the base and jurisdiction over the hijackers. A standoff between both United States and Italian armed forces began.
The choice of the Sigonella base to divert the EgyptAir that had the hijackers of the Achille Lauro aboard caused a dispute between the governments of the US and Italy and included elements of their militaries.
On the orders of U. The choice of Sigonella's airport became problematic for the Americans as they had no jurisdiction, and the Italians were not consulted regarding its use for this operation.
The Egyptian flight, having been authorized by its government, was lawful under international law. The Egyptian government protested the American interception of its plane, which was not legal under international law.
Egypt's arguments were somewhat diminished by its own previous justification for its raid at Locna airport in Cyprus. A standoff occurred when 20 Carabinieri and 30 VAM Vigilanza Areonautica Militare contested for control of the plane with the 80 armed operatives of the U.
These contesting groups were soon surrounded by additional armed Carabinieri the Italian military police who had also blocked off the runway with their trucks.
Other Carabinieri had been sent from Catania and Syracuse as reinforcement. These events became known as the Sigonella Crisis. Stiner and Gormly contacted the Pentagon to inform them of the situation, and this information was passed onto the Reagan Administration.
Members of the President's staff told the Italian government that the US special-operations team intended to arrest the hijackers.
The Italians dismissed the Americans' claim of a right to do so, maintaining that the matter fell within their own jurisdiction due to the ship sailing under an Italian flag.
Stiner and his men standing eyeball-to-eyeball with the armed Italians, relayed to the Pentagon "I am not worried about our situation.
We have the firepower to prevail. But I am concerned about the immaturity of the Italian troops. A backfire from a motorbike or a construction cart could precipitate a shooting incident that could lead to a lot of Italian casualties.
And I don't believe that our beef is with our ally, the Italians, but rather with the terrorists. CET the next day, orders arrived for Stiner and his men to stand down.
After five hours of negotiations, and with the knowledge that the Italian troops had orders confirmed by President Francesco Cossiga to use lethal force if necessary to block the Americans from leaving with prisoners, the U.
Hamed told the men of Force that the Egyptian government had agreed to turn over the hijackers to the Italians. Both Abbas and Badrakkan refused to leave the plane claiming diplomatic rights — maintaining that they had diplomatic immunity as representatives of the PLO and Arafat.
Learning of this the Egyptian government changed its position, declaring that the two were on board an Egyptian aircraft on a government mission — thus accruing extraterritorial rights.
Egypt requested Italy let the plane leave with the two men on board as they had been brought to Italy against their will. Prime Minister Craxi sent his personal foreign affairs advisor Antonio Badini to interview Abbas after boarding the airliner.
Abbas' account held he had been sent by Arafat due to his persuasive argumentation style, that the four Palestinians had been triggered by panic to stage the hijacking, and that decisive role in releasing the passengers was his alone.
Craxi appeared at a press conference late on Friday, October 11, acknowledging the role the two played in ending the hijacking, but inviting them to provide "useful testimony" and turning the matter over to the Italian court system.
After continued talks between Italy and Egypt, the four hijackers were eventually removed from the , arrested by the Italian Carabinieri at Sigonella, and taken to the air base jail, then transferred to a local prison.
The public magistrate in Syracuse announced late on the 11th that his inquires were complete and EgyptAir could depart for Rome with Badrakkan and Abbas aboard.
Craxi saw this as a stalling tactic that was a courtesy to the US. The Italian foreign ministry contacted the U. The Americans viewed this as a prelude to Abbas being released.
Major General Stiner, in command of the American Special Operations Forces at Sigonella, upon learning that the had been cleared by the Italians to proceed to Rome with members of the PLF still onboard, became concerned that there was no guarantee that once airborne it would travel to Rome rather than back to Cairo.
In response the Americans used a runway alongside without receiving Italian permission to do so. These were soon joined by two more Fs from Grazzanise airbase.
Bohn in the White House Situation Room at the time, later recalled "Pilots on board the US and Italian jets exchanged colorful epithets over the radio about their respective intentions, family heritage, and sexual preferences.
Ich meine, dass es der falsche Weg ist.